ANALISIS MODEL MATEMATIKA PENYEBARAN COVID-19 DENGAN INTERVENSI VAKSINASI DAN PENGOBATAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jmu.10.3.406-422.2021Abstract
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) merupakan suatu virus yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit menular dengan gejala batuk, demam, hilangnya indra perasa maupun penciuman, hingga sesak napas. Proses penyebaran penyakit terjadi ketika adanya kontak dari individu terinfeksi dengan individu rentan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merumuskan model matematika penyebaran COVID-19, melakukan analisis kestabilan model, dan simulasi numerik. Berdasarkan asumsi serta pertimbangan dalam membangun model diperoleh suatu model matematika penyebaran Covid-19 tipe SVIR yang terdiri atas empat kelas populasi, yaitu kelas populasi; individu rentan (S), individu tervaksin (V), individu terinfeksi (I), dan individu sembuh dari COVID-19 (R). Sifat kestabilan titik kesetimbangan model bergantung pada perubahan nilai bilangan reproduksi dasar (<0). Titik kesetimbangan bebas penyakit E0 bersifat stabil asimtotik lokal jika <0 < 1, serta tidak stabil jika <0 > 1. Titik kesetimbangan bebas penyakit E0 akan selalu ada, serta titik kesetimbangan endemik E∗ unik dan positif jika dan hanya jika <0 > 1. Simulasi numerik menggambarkan bahwa sistem berada pada kondisi stabil disekitar titik kesetimbangan endemik. Peningkatan laju vaksinasi dan laju efektivitas pengobatan masing-masing dapat menekan jumlah kasus infeksi COVID-19. Sedangkan peningkatan laju penyusutan vaksin dan laju penurunan efektivitas vaksin dapat mengakibatkan jumlah kasus infeksi COVID-19 terus meningkat.
Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Model SVIR, Titik Kesetimbangan
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